What Is The Difference Between Activity Limitation And Participation Restriction
The World Health Organization published the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in 2001. The ICF provides a standard language for classifying body function and structure, activity, participation levels, and conditions in the world around us that influence health. This description helps to assess the health, functioning, activities, and factors in the environment that either help or create barriers for people to fully participate in society.
According to the ICF:
- Activity is the execution of a task or action by an individual.
- Participation is a persons involvement in a life situation.
The ICF acknowledges that the distinction between these two categories is somewhat unclear and combines them, although basically, activities take place at a personal level and participation involves engagement in life roles, such as employment, education, or relationships. Activity limitations and participation restrictions have to do with difficulties an individual experiences in performing tasks and engaging in social roles. Activities and participation can be made easier or more difficult as a result of environmental factors, such as technology, support and relationships, services, policies, or the beliefs of others.
The ICF includes the following in the categories of activities and participation:
Blue Book Of Mental Impairments
Qualifying mental disorders for disability are outlined in a disability handbook knowns as the Blue Book of mental impairments. The Social Security Blue Book provides information regarding what mental disorders qualify for social security disability. The Blue Book of disability and mental disorders outlines conditions from a listing of impairments under a mental disorder subheading. There are nine categories of mental disorders outlined in the Blue Book, although other mental health conditions that are not listed may also qualify for benefits.
The 9 categories of mental disorders in the Blue Book includes:
- Organic disorders and mental diseases that impact the nervous system
- Substance addiction, including alcoholism and drug addiction
Differences Between Add And Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability and ASD frequently coexist, that is, after making the corresponding evaluations both can be diagnosed at the same time . In other words, it is very common for people with ASD to also present some manifestations of Intellectual Disability, and vice versa.
However, both are experiences that differ on some issues, which is necessary to know to access a timely intervention.
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Difference Between Mental Disorder And Mental Illness
The brain is the most valuable, precious body part that we possess as humans. Unless we are able to take good care of it, life becomes a much more difficult struggle. While some may believe that a mental disorder and a mental illness are one and the same, there are many crucial differences between the two.
Is It Language Disorder Or Learning Disability A Tutorial For Parents And Professionals
Recently I read a terrific article written in 2014 by Sun and Wallach entitled: Language Disorders Are Learning Disabilities: Challenges on the Divergent and Diverse Paths to Language Learning Disability. I found it to be so valuable that I wanted to summarize some of its key points to my readers because it bears tremendous impact on our understanding of what happens to children with language disorders when they reach school years.
The authors begin the article by introducing a scenario familiar to numerous SLPs. A young child is diagnosed with receptive, expressive and social pragmatic language deficits as a toddler begins to receive speech language services, which continue through preschool and elementary school until 2nd grade. The child is receiving therapy under the diagnosis of specific language impairment , which is characterized by difficulties with acquiring language in the absence of any other known disorders. By 2nd grade the child has seemingly caught up in the areas of listening comprehension and complex sentence production but is now struggling academically in the areas of reading and writing. Now his teachers are concerned that he has a learning disability, and his bewildered parent asks Is it true that my child now has another problem on top of his language problem?
Heres the approximate hierarchy of language development in young children:
- Exploration of the environment
- Comprehension of words, phrases, sentences, stories
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Difference Between Disability And Impairment
Disability vs Impairment
The image of a person sitting in a wheelchair comes to our mind whenever we hear the word impairment or disability. This is because of the similarities and overlap between the two terms and also because of the way we have been led to believe. Disability is a rather generic term that includes impairment and refers to lack of ability or restriction of ability to perform a task to the level that is considered normal for other human beings. Impairment is a related concept that talks about abnormality or loss of structure or functionality of one or more body parts. There are many more differences between disability and impairment that will be highlighted in this article.
Disability
Disability can be a result of impairment such as visual or hearing impairment. It could be because of activity limitations that are the difficulties experienced by people in performing certain activities, or it could be a problem of participation in situations in life. Thus, it becomes clear that disability is a problem bigger than just impairment.
Impairment
What is the difference between Disability and Impairment?
Disability is a generic term whereas impairment is specific.
Disability is at a non-medical level whereas impairment is at a medical level.
Impairment is an abnormality in the structure or function of an organ.
Different Types Of Disabilities
You may come across many disabilities in your work life. Some examples of common disabilities you may find are:
- vision Impairment
- deaf or hard of hearing
- mental health conditions
- autism spectrum disorder
- physical disability.
If your staff member’s disability is not clear to you, ask how it effects their work and if they need adjustments so they can work to the best of their ability.
DO NOT ask the person how they got the disability
Vision impairment refers to people who are blind or who have partial vision.
When talking with a person who is blind or has a vision impairment:
- always identify yourself and any others with you
- ask if the person requires assistance, and listen for specific instructions, however be prepared for your offer to be refused.
If guiding a person, let them take your arm, rather than taking theirs. Describe any changes in the environment such as steps, obstacles, etc.
If the person has a guide dog, please remember the dog is working and should not be patted, fed or distracted.
Tips
- Ensure front of office staff are briefed and prepared on how to greet and assist people with vision impairment.
- Allow more time and greater flexibility for training and induction.
- Be aware that glare and poor lighting may exacerbate vision impairment.
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What Happens To Disability Payments When You Turn Age 65
Disability payments may be rolled over into retirement payments, paid in lieu of retirement payments, or paid in addition to retirement payments. People receive disability payments from sources including private insurance, Social Security and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs . People who receive disability from the VA may also receive disability from Social Security or another program. Disability benefits may or may not be affected when you reach the retirement age of 65.
Difference Between Intellectual Disability And Learning Disability
Categorized under Disease,Health | Difference between Intellectual Disability and Learning Disability
Aetiologies of intellectual disability
Difference between Intellectual Disability and Learning Disability is well defined in science and psychology yet people often mistake one for the other.
Intellectual Disability is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder that affects ones social, academic, communication, and daily life functions. Until few years, Intellectual Disability was wrongly called Mental Retardation. However, with the advancement in the classification and taxonomy of disorders, the term Intellectual Disability was coined and is now used for people who have an intelligence level below average.
Learning Disability, on the other hand, is a condition which affects the different areas of learning and interferes with the academic achievements of the individual. It includes reading, writing, comprehending and organizing language and mathematics. Learning Disabilities were previously mistaken to be intellectual faults. But with increase in the medical and psycho-social advancements, it has been proved that just a low I.Q. level is not enough to indicate Learning Disability.
This statement can be justified by saying that world famous personalities like Albert Einstein and Walt Disney were victims of Learning Disability in their childhood. However, their future achievements are known to all and show that they were intellectually above average.
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Ada And Psychiatric Disability
Mental health and employment discrimination often arise from stereotypes, myths, fear and a lack of knowledge. The Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, was created to prevent discrimination in the workplace toward individuals with a psychiatric and other disability. ADA mental health laws protect individuals from discrimination and harassment while assuring privacy and practical accommodations in the workplace.
ADA mental health disabilities are defined as conditions that significantly restrict important life activities other than working. Employment is only analyzed when another life activity is determined to be limited or impacted by a mental health impairment. Specific traits and behaviors are not classified as impairments by themselves but can be linked or associated with a larger mental health impairment.
ADA mental disability guidelines differentiate between impairments and disabilities, as an impairment only becomes a disability when a person becomes noticeably limited in their ability to carry out one or more of their life activities. The ADA does not specify what life activities need to be impaired, as life activities are not standardized and can vary considerably from person to person.
An impairment becomes classified as a disability based on the severity and length of time that a life activity is impacted. Impairments must be long-term, or the potential to become long-term, in order to be defined as a disability.
How To Look After Your Mental Health
There are several ways you can look after your mental health and well-being.
Some people find that taking time to do things they enjoy helps. Others find that volunteer work and caring for others helps to boost their mental health. And some people find that regular exercise helps to improve their mental and physical health.
Often these simple things can really help to boost your happiness and self-esteem. When it comes to looking after your mental health you need to keep your body healthy, which means eating well and exercising, and keeping your mind active and not focused too heavily on you.
But is there any evidence to suggest these factors really work? Yes, there is! One study conducted found that individuals who exercised had 43.2% fewer days of poor mental health compared to those who didnt exercise.
Several studies have also found that engaging in hobbies and doing things you enjoy can help reduce feelings of depression and can help to protect the brain against physical diseases such as dementia and heart problems.
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What Is The Difference Between A Learning Disability And A Learning Difficulty
In general, a learning disability constitutes a condition which affects learning and intelligence across all areas of life, whereas a learning difficulty constitutes a condition which creates an obstacle to a specific form of learning, but does not affect the overall IQ of an individual. For example, Downs syndrome is classed as a learning disability, whereas dyslexia is classed as a learning difficulty, in that it only affects an individuals relationship to the processing of information, usually manifested in problems with reading, writing, and spelling.
Intellectual Skills Vs Social Communication
Intellectual Disability manifests itself in tasks such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, decision-making, academic learning or learning by own experience. All this is observed on a day-to-day basis, but it can also be evaluated using standardized scales.
In the case of Autism Spectrum Disorder, the main diagnostic criterion It is not the intellectual area, but the area of social communication and interaction What is manifested in the following way: little social-emotional reciprocity unwillingness to share interests, emotions, or affections the presence of a qualitative impairment of communication and a difficulty in adapting behavior to the norms of different contexts.
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Attitudes About Mental Illness And Mental Health
A CBS News poll conducted in the fall of 2019 detailed American attitudes and awareness of mental health issues. Almost 90% of respondents said there is some stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness in our society. More than 30% stated that discrimination and stigma associated with mental illness has decreased over the past ten years. However, about 30% said that the situation remains unchanged.
Most of the poll respondents said they had some understanding of conditions such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Many said that they know someone who had been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition. The poll found that most Americans considered mental illness a serious issue.
Disclosing A Mental Illness
Mental health rights under the ADA make some assurances for privacy in the workplace setting. A person does not have to disclose a mental illness to their employer in the majority of situations. If an employee does disclose a mental health condition, the employer is not allowed to discriminate against the person and needs to maintain confidentiality within the organization.
There are a few instances where an employer can make medical inquiries, including:
- If a person has requested an accommodation
- After a job offer and before employment begins if it is a standardized question to all employees working in the same position
- In an affirmative action survey
- On the job when there is a safety concern or when there is solid evidence that job performance is being negatively impacted
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More Education Better Understanding
These findings point to some improvement in understanding and attitudes about mental health and mental issues. But more needs to be done. Efforts like McLean Hospitals campaign and the National Alliance on Mental Healths StigmaFree pledge have done much to bring understanding to the public.
More and more individuals are choosing to be open about their own mental illness. By speaking out, they show that psychiatric conditions like depression and addiction are common and no different than medical conditions like diabetes or asthma.
At the same time, many efforts to promote good mental health have been introduced. Just as individuals are encouraged to exercise, improve their eating habits, and see a doctor when they are sick or injured, these programs teach mindfulness, stress reduction techniques, and gratitude. Many emphasize that good physical health is essential to good mental health. Some of these efforts are available online or through apps.
Though many are still confusedor unawareof the differences between mental health and mental illness, times are changing. Despite the terms becoming more mainstream, there is still much to be done to help others understand that each impact everyone differently.
We are all human, said Palmer. We are all vulnerable to illness. Its important to see the strengths and dignity in all people regardless of their health status and try our best to help alleviate suffering when we can.
What Is A Social Security Card
Your Social Security card is an important piece of identification. Youâll need one to get a job, collect Social Security, or receive other government benefits.
When you apply for a Social Security number , the Social Security Administration will assign you a nine-digit number. This is the same number that is printed on the Social Security card that SSA will issue you. If you change your name, you will need to get a corrected card.
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Does Ssi Affect Short Term Disability
Generally, SSI would not affect short term disability. From a practical standpoint, you would receive short term disability benefits well before receiving SSI benefits. Additionally, these programs are intended for different purposes. Short term disability benefits are intended to cover 13 weeks of missed employment. SSI is a long term disability program which requires you to be disabled for a year or more.
A Child Who Is Both On The Autism Spectrum And Has Co
Very high level, complex needs, in this context, may not be consequent of Autism of itself, but rather consequent of the child having intellectual disability and / or the combined challenges of both Intellectual disability and Autism.Identifying a co-concurring Intellectual Disability in an Autistic child is important to best support the individual learning needs and development of independence skills of that child. An Intellectual Disabled Autistic child will, for example, benefit from more repetition, including pre-teaching and re-teaching, particularly in intellectual functioning areas, compared to other Autistic children their age.
Importantly, presuming competence that is assuming a person has capacity to think, understand and learn is the only respectful path when interacting with both Autistic and / or Intellectually Disabled individuals. With the right supports, all individuals are capable of growing, learning and developing and, all individuals, irrelevant of intellectual challenges, have their own personalities and preferences which should also be respected.
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The Difference Between A Developmental Delay And Disability
According to the experts at Understood.org, it can be hard to determine if a child has a developmental delay or a disability. Often times, a developmental delay can be an early sign of a learning disability, which is not the same as a physical disability. However, most experts cannot identify learning disabilities until a child is old enough to show deficits in areas like math, reading, or spelling.
While a developmental delay is not a definitive signs of a disability, most children with disabilities will exhibit several developmental delays within the first two years of life. For this reason, it’s important for parents to stay on top of all checkups and consult with a doctor at the first sign of any sort of delay.
Keep in mind that a slight delay in development can be normal, given that upwards of 17 percent of children experience some developmental delays at some point during early childhood. However, it’s important to also keep in mind that many disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and muscular dystrophy, are not often recognized at birth. If your child misses multiple developmental milestones in two or more areas, it may indicate that further testing is needed.